2015年12月英语四级试题答案及解析(5)

2012-12-27 招生学校阅读: 【放大镜】

Passage 2

　　The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal.Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully retain manual scripts. On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers and other cultures. American audiences prefernatural, spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication. They don’t relay well to speakers who read from a manual script. If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepare text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language in style you use when writing. Well retain information, that is meant to be read, does not work aswell when it is heard. It is, therefore, important for you to adapt retain texts or outlines for presentations. Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible, they use short words. Listeners are appreciated when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that it is much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.

　　Question 30 to 32

　　30. What does the speaker say American audiences prefer?

　　答案：D. A natural and spontaneous style of speech.

　　31. What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation?

　　答案： B. Differences in style between writing and speaking.

　　32. What does the speaker focus on in the talk?

　　答案：A. The key to becoming a good speaker.

　　点评：本篇文章重点分析了成为一名优秀的演讲者的关键因素。欧洲人和亚洲人的演讲风格往往是趋于比较正式的，而美国人的演讲风格是自然、自发、生动地传递表达信息，这也正是听众所喜欢的方式。同时，做口头报告时应注意写作和口语所要求的风格差异，有了这样的认识后，你才能在今后的演讲中运用简短贴近生活的言语表达自己的想法，形成自己的演讲风格，成为一名优秀的演讲者。

　　这篇文章相对简单，没有出现太难的生词，较容易理解。整个内容就围绕一个主题展开，清晰明了，只要能抓住此主题线索，整篇文章的结构就一目了然了。

　　Passage 3

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk, run, climb, ride a bike, play games, compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. Soon he becomes dependent on the expert. We should let him do it himself. Let him figure out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that. If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help children when they tell us that they can’t find a way to get the right answer.

　　Question 33 to 35

　　33. How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker?

　　34. What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker?

　　35. What doSection C

　　Time is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things accomplished on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep interpersonal relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail.

　　It may seem to you that most Americans are completely controlled by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time.

　　Americans’ language is filled with references to time, giving a clear indication of how much it is valued. Time is something to be “on,” to be “kept,” “filled,” “saved,” “wasted,” “gained,” “planned,” “given,” “made the most of,” even “killed.”

　　The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America.

　　Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one “wastes” time and doesn’t keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.

　　【答案及解析】

　　36. foreign

　　37. accomplished

　　38. interpersonal

　　39. detail.

　　40. controlled

　　41. abruptly

　　42. references

　　43. indication

　　44. it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America.

　　45. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America.

　　46. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.